Gender-Based Evaluation of Dietary and Lifestyle Modifications in Diabetes Management

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus continues to be a significant health burden in Bangladesh, where socioeconomic status, dietary patterns, and lifestyle choices strongly influence disease management. This study aimed to examine gender-based differences in the demographic, clinical, nutritional, and lifestyle profiles of individuals living with diabetes. A total of 360 diabetic patients participated in this cross-sectional study. Information was collected using a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, dietary habits, and lifestyle practices. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests, were used to determine associations, with significance set at p<0.05. Among the participants, 228 were male (63.3%) and 132 were female (36.7%). Most patients had an SSC-level education and belonged to low-income households. A substantial portion (43.9%) were involved in business. Significant gender differences were observed in the age of diabetes diagnosis (p=0.004), regular blood glucose monitoring (p=0.002), and insulin use (p<0.001), with men showing greater engagement in disease management. Neuropathy was also more prevalent among males (p=0.033). In terms of nutrition, men were more likely to follow a dietary plan (p=0.010) and consume fewer meals, while women reported higher water intake (p<0.001). No meaningful gender differences were found in physical activity levels, sleep duration, or access to professional dietary advice. The findings highlight clear gender-related differences in diabetes management and health behaviors. Addressing these disparities through gender sensitive education and intervention programs may help improve diabetes outcomes in the Bangladeshi population.