Ethics and Disclosures

Ethical Guidelines

The Canadian Journal of Business, Economics and Health Management (CJBEHM) strictly adheres to the principles and ethical standards set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) throughout its publication process.

Authors and Contributor Responsibilities

Authorship

Authors must have made significant contributions to the submitted work, including involvement in the conception, design, data acquisition, analysis, interpretation, drafting, or final revision of the article. All authors are accountable for the content and final published form of the manuscript.

Manuscripts typically include up to six authors unless a justified reason is provided for more. Author names appear on the first page of the article and in the bio sections.
All authors must use their academic email addresses during the submission and correspondence process.
Authorship orders must be mutually agreed upon before submission, and no changes can be made post-acceptance.
All contributors should be listed as authors, while non-author contributors (e.g., translators, proofreaders) may be acknowledged separately.
Submission confirms that all authors agree to the journal’s ethical guidelines and have reviewed and approved the manuscript’s content.

Corresponding Author

Only one author per submission is designated as the Corresponding Author (CA), responsible for:

Serving as the primary contact for all editorial correspondence.
Ensuring the accuracy of all author metadata on the journal platform.
Receiving and arranging payment of the Article Processing Charge (APC).
Reviewing and approving the copy-edited and formatted proof.
Maintaining prompt communication using a valid institutional email address.

All articles of The Canadian Journal of Business, Economics and Health Management (CJBEHM) are published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). Authors guarantee originality and confirm that permissions have been obtained for any incorporated external materials.

Conflicts of Interest

Transparency in disclosing conflicts of interest is essential to maintain the integrity and credibility of published research. Authors are requested to follow the below guidelines for proper disclosure.

Financial Relationships: Authors must disclose any financial support, research grants, or sponsorships that could influence the study’s design, data interpretation, or findings. Full transparency ensures unbiased research outcomes.
Institutional and Personal Affiliations: Any institutional or personal relationships with individuals involved in the editorial or peer-review process must be declared. This includes paid or unpaid roles that may affect the impartiality of the publication process.
Intellectual Property and Competing Interests: Authors should disclose any intellectual property rights, patents, or competing interests related to the research. This allows readers to assess any potential biases in the presented work.

Research on Humans

Research involving human participants must have ethics committee approval and comply with the Helsinki Declaration (2013). Authors must:

Remove identifiable information (e.g., clinical images, personal data) to protect participant privacy. This includes details such as names, medical records, and identifiable visuals.
Ensure that no study subjects can be identified through the data or supporting materials provided. All sensitive information must be anonymized or excluded.
Document informed consent in the manuscript when using human subject data. This statement must clearly confirm participant awareness and agreement.
Provide signed consent forms before the manuscript can be considered for peer review. These forms verify the ethical handling of human research subjects.

Declaration of Generative AI in Scientific Writing

The use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in manuscript preparation must be transparent and responsible. The Canadian Journal of Business, Economics and Health Management (CJBEHM) allows the use of any AI tools solely to optimize readability and language quality, but not to generate content or analyze data.

Authors are expected to exercise full oversight and control over the output, recognizing that AI-generated content can sometimes be inaccurate, incomplete, or biased. AI tools cannot be credited as authors or co-authors, as authorship entails accountability and contributions that only humans can fulfil.

Disclosure Instructions

Authors must disclose the use of AI tools in the writing process by including a statement at the end of their manuscript, before the References section, under a new heading titled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted Technologies in the Writing Process.’ This ensures transparency and maintains the integrity of the research.

Example Statement:

“During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used [NAME TOOL/SERVICE] to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.”

This declaration does not apply to the use of standard tools for grammar, spelling, or reference checking. If no AI tools were used, no statement is required.

After Acceptance

Upon acceptance, the Corresponding Author has one week to complete the Article Processing Charge (APC). After payment:

The manuscript undergoes proofreading, copyediting, and typesetting to ensure the document aligns with the journal’s formatting, language, and quality standards. This process ensures that the published work is concise, professional, and free from typographical or formatting errors.
A galley proof is sent as a PDF to the Corresponding Author, providing a 3-day window for thorough review and corrections. Authors are encouraged to carefully check for typographical errors, formatting issues, and inaccuracies in data presentation or author information.
Only minor corrections, such as typographical errors or formatting adjustments, are permitted without the prior approval of the Editor-in-Chief. Any major content changes, including updates to research findings or authorship, require formal justification and approval.
Final quality control is conducted by the editorial team, during which the DOI is assigned, and the article is prepared for publication. This crucial step ensures the manuscript meets the highest standards of accuracy, presentation, and publication ethics before release.

Open Access and Fees

The Canadian Journal of Business, Economics and Health Management (CJBEHM) is committed to advancing academic knowledge by supporting open-access publishing. This approach ensures that scholarly research is freely available to a global audience, allowing for knowledge sharing without financial or access barriers. Open access allows readers to access, use, and distribute published content with proper author attribution.

2025 Submissions: No Article Processing Charge (APC) will be required for submissions accepted in 2025. This fee waiver allows authors to publish their research without financial constraints, encouraging global participation.
Starting 2026: A $200 USD APC per article will apply to support essential operational and publication costs. Fees subsidize the journal’s peer-review process, editorial management, digital archiving, and long-term content accessibility.

Post-Publication Corrections

Corrections addressing significant errors or omissions will be published to uphold the academic integrity and accuracy of the journal. A correction notice will be issued when an error or omission has the potential to affect the interpretation of the article but does not compromise the overall academic integrity or the core findings of the research.

Whenever possible, correction notices must be written and approved by all original authors to ensure complete transparency and accuracy. In exceptional circumstances where a correction is required due to a publishing error, the journal reserves the right to proceed without the direct input of the authors.

However, the journal will make every effort to inform the authors of the correction promptly. Correction requests will undergo a thorough internal review to assess the validity and necessity of the correction, and authors may be asked to provide additional clarification or evidence before the correction is finalized. This process ensures that corrections are handled with the highest level of scrutiny and accountability.

Malpractice and Retraction

The Canadian Journal of Business, Economics and Health Management (CJBEHM) reserves the right to withdraw or retract articles involved in ethical misconduct or scientific malpractice. Retractions are implemented to maintain the credibility and integrity of scholarly research. Grounds for retraction include, but are not limited to:

Lack of Ethical Approval: Research conducted without ethical approval compromises participant welfare and research integrity. Before initiating any study involving humans or animals, authors must secure formal approval.
Fabrication or Falsification of Data: Presenting fabricated or manipulated data undermines scientific research reliability and erodes public trust in published findings. Authors are required to report data truthfully and provide clear, transparent methodologies that support reproducibility.
Plagiarism and Duplicate Submissions: Without proper citation, plagiarism and duplicate submissions constitute academic misconduct. Similarly, submitting the same manuscript to multiple journals at the same time disrupts the peer-review process.

Authors found guilty of these offences may be permanently banned from submitting future manuscripts to CJBEHM. All retraction decisions are made following both CJBEHM’s internal policies and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines to ensure a fair and transparent process.

Journal Information